Factory Supply Rosemary Leaf Extract Rosmarinic Acid 2.5%~98% HPLC Testing

Name: Rosemary Extract Ursolic Acid
Source: Rosemary
Botanical Name: Rosmarinus officinalis
Extract part: Dried Leaf
Active Ingredient: Rosmarinic Acid
Specification: 2.5%~98%
Appearance: Fine Brownish Green powder

Source

Rosmarinus officinalis L. from Lamiaceae family, is commonly known as rosemary. Rosemary is a widely cultivated herbal plant that is originated in the Mediterranean area. Rosemary is an aromatic evergreen shrub with leaves similar to hemlock needles .The leaves are used as a flavoring in foods and a prescription for treating minor ailments including :gout, cough, headache, high blood pressure, and reducing age-related memory loss.

Rosemary is used topically for preventing and treating baldness by applying to the skin ; and treating circulation problems, toothache, a skin condition called eczema, and joint or muscle pain such as myalgia, sciatica, and intercostal neuralgia. It is also used for wound healing, in bath therapy (balneotherapy), and as an insect repellent.

Main Bio-actives

Rosemary contains a number of phytochemicals, including rosmarinic acid, camphor, caffeic acid, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, rosmanol and the antioxidants carnosic acid and carnosol.

Rosmarinic acid is a chemical compound firstly found in Rosmarinus officinalis which has antioxidant properties.

Another main antioxidant in rosemary is the phenolic diterpene carnosic acid ,appears to be the main substance for general oxidation leading to artifacts withγ-or δ-lactone structure in extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis .

Rosmarinic acid is a caffeic acid ester of salvianic acid A that acts as a GABA transaminase inhibitor, more specifically on 4-aminobutyrate transaminase.Rosmarinic acid also inhibits the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase via its cyclooxygenase-inhibiting properties.

Functions

1. Antioxidant effect

The antioxidant activity of rosmarinic acid is stronger than that of vitamin E. Rosmarinic acid (RA)helps to prevent cell damage caused by free radicals, thereby reducing the risk for cancer and atherosclerosis.

Scientists examined the efficiency of RA in preventing lipid peroxidation and in interacting with lipids.The test on liposomes of 1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC) by HPLC showed that the maximum amount of RA associated with the lipids was ~ 1 mol% ,proved that RA was an efficient antioxidant. Moreover,the investigation of transferred lipid/RA monolayers by atomic force microscopy revealed that 1 mol% of RA in the membrane was not sufficient to alter the membrane structure at the nanoscale. Experiment evidence that up to 1 mol% of RA inserts spontaneously in the membrane, which is high enough to fully prevent lipid peroxidation without any noticeable alteration of the membrane structure due to RA insertion.

2. Improve cognitive dysfunction

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−)-mediated damage is regarded to be responsible for the cognitive dysfunction induced by amyloid beta protein (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

The protective effects of rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural scavenger of ONOO−,was examined on the memory impairment in a mouse model induced by acute i.c.v. injection of Aβ25–35. RA prevented the memory impairments induced by Aβ25–35 in the Y maze test and novel object recognition task. RA, at the effective lowest dose (0.25 mg/kg), prevented Aβ25–35-induced nitration of proteins, an indirect indicator of ONOO− damage, in the hippocampus. At this dose, RA also prevented nitration of proteins and impairment of recognition memory induced by ONOO−-i.c.v.-injection. Co-injection of the non-memory-impairing dose of ONOO− with Aβ25–35 blocked the protective effects of RA (0.25 mg/kg). These results demonstrated that the memory protective effects of RA in the neurotoxicity of Aβ25–35 is due to its scavenging of ONOO−, and that daily consumption of RA may protect against memory impairments observed in AD.

3. Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory

Rosmarinic acid(RA)has anti-inflammatory properties. Perilla, rich in RA, is used for its

anti-allergic activity. A study by Sanbongi et al. (2004) has shown that the oral administration of RA is an effective intervention for allergic asthma. Another study by Youn et al. (2003) demonstrated that RA suppressed synovitis in mice and that it may be beneficial for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Unlike antihistamines, RAprevents the activation of immune responder cells, which cause swelling and fluid formation.

Vivek Swarup et al.rported on ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY that

Rosmarinic acid (RA) reduced the mortality of mice infected with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV).Significant decreases in viral loads (P < 0.001) and proinflammatory cytokine levels (P < 0.001) were observed in JEV-infected animals treated with RA compared to levels in infected mice without treatment, at 8 to 9 days postinfection.

4. Anticancer

RA is considered to possess cancer chemopreventive properties. It has been shown, that RA is able to inhibit the development of cancer in preclinical models.

Oral administration of RA prevented the formation of skin tumors during DMBA-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis. Also, oral administration of RA brought back the status of phase I and phase II detoxication agents, lipid peroxidation byproducts, antioxidants and apoptotic markers (p53, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and caspase-9) in DMBA treated mice [22]. The results of another study suggest that RA suppresses oral carcinogenesis by stimulating the activities of detoxification enzymes, improves the status of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants, and downregulates the expression of p53 and bcl-2 during DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis.

5. Antiproliferative activity

Rosemary extract (RE) has been shown to have significant antiproliferation activities against a variety of human cancer cell lines including breast, leukemia, prostate, lung and liver, which could be potentially useful for increasing the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic agents.

6. Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the growth and metastasis of tumors and several chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. RA has been shown to inhibit several important steps of angiogenesis including proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in a concentration-dependent manner. RA also reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, H2O2-dependent VEGF expression and IL-8 release of endothelial cells. These findings suggested that the antiangiogenic potential of RA might be related to its antioxidative activity, which further resulted in the inhibition of ROS-associated VEGF expression and IL-8 release.

Applications

Rosmarinic acid is used to garnish and improve the shelf life of fresh seafood.Rosmarinic acid is used to treat peptic ulcers, arthritis, cataract, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and bronchial

asthma.

--Rosemary;http://www.herbs2000.com/herbs/herbs_rosemary.htm

--ROSEMARY;WebMD;http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-154-ROSEMARY.aspx?activeIngredientId=154&activeIngredientName=ROSEMARY

--Sang Un Park,et al: “Biotechnological applications for rosmarinic acid production in plant”;African Journal of Biotechnology 2008

--Ophélie Fadel et al; “The natural antioxidant rosmarinic acid spontaneously penetrates membranes to inhibit lipid peroxidation in situ”;Biochimica et Biophysica Acta

--Tursun Alkam et al; “A natural scavenger of peroxynitrites, rosmarinic acid, protects against impairment of memory induced by Aβ25–35”;Behavioural Brain Research

--Vivek Swarup et al; “Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Rosmarinic Acid in an Experimental Murine Model of Japanese Encephalitis”;ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY